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Jamstack in 2025: The Modern Web Architecture Revolution

Discover how Jamstack architecture is transforming web development with better performance, security, and developer experience.

#jamstack#architecture#static-site#performance

Jamstack in 2025: The Modern Web Architecture Revolution

Jamstack (JavaScript, APIs, and Markup) has evolved from a buzzword to a proven architecture for building fast, secure, and scalable websites. Let's explore why this approach has gained such widespread adoption.

What Is Jamstack?

Jamstack is an architecture pattern where:

  • JavaScript: Client-side functionality
  • APIs: Reusable backend services
  • Markup: Pre-rendered static content

The key principle: pre-render everything possible and serve from a CDN.

Core Principles

1. Pre-rendering

Generate HTML at build time, not request time:

<span class="hljs-comment">// Build time (not server request time)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">getStaticProps</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> posts = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">fetchPosts</span>();

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {
    <span class="hljs-attr">props</span>: { posts },
    <span class="hljs-attr">revalidate</span>: <span class="hljs-number">3600</span>, <span class="hljs-comment">// Rebuild every hour</span>
  };
}

2. Decoupling

Frontend and backend are completely separate:

Frontend (Static Site) → CDN
Backend (APIs) → Microservices/Serverless
Content → Headless CMS

3. CDN Distribution

Serve pre-built assets globally:

User in Tokyo → Tokyo CDN node
User in London → London CDN node
User in New York → New York CDN node

Benefits

1. Performance

Static files served from CDN are incredibly fast:

Traditional Server: 200-500ms TTFB
Jamstack CDN: 10-50ms TTFB

2. Security

No server means smaller attack surface:

  • No server-side vulnerabilities
  • No database exploits
  • No server maintenance

3. Scalability

CDNs handle traffic spikes automatically:

Normal traffic: 1,000 requests/sec → No problem
Traffic spike: 100,000 requests/sec → Still no problem

4. Developer Experience

Modern tooling and workflows:

<span class="hljs-comment"># Local development</span>
npm run dev

<span class="hljs-comment"># Preview deployment</span>
git push origin feature-branch

<span class="hljs-comment"># Production deployment</span>
git push origin main

Popular Jamstack Frameworks

Next.js

Full-featured React framework:

<span class="hljs-comment">// pages/posts/[slug].js</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">getStaticPaths</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> posts = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">getAllPosts</span>();

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {
    <span class="hljs-attr">paths</span>: posts.<span class="hljs-title function_">map</span>(<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">post</span> =&gt;</span> ({ <span class="hljs-attr">params</span>: { <span class="hljs-attr">slug</span>: post.<span class="hljs-property">slug</span> } })),
    <span class="hljs-attr">fallback</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;blocking&#x27;</span>,
  };
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">getStaticProps</span>(<span class="hljs-params">{ params }</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> post = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">getPost</span>(params.<span class="hljs-property">slug</span>);
  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> { <span class="hljs-attr">props</span>: { post } };
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Post</span>(<span class="hljs-params">{ post }</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">article</span>&gt;</span>{post.content}<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">article</span>&gt;</span></span>;
}

Astro

Content-focused with partial hydration:

---
// src/pages/blog/[slug].astro
const { slug } = Astro.params;
const post = await getPost(slug);
---

&lt;html&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
    &lt;article&gt;
      &lt;h1&gt;{post.title}&lt;/h1&gt;
      &lt;div set:html={post.content} /&gt;
    &lt;/article&gt;

    &lt;!-- Only hydrate interactive components --&gt;
    &lt;Comments client:visible /&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;

Gatsby

GraphQL-powered static site generator:

<span class="hljs-comment">// gatsby-node.js</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">exports</span>.<span class="hljs-property">createPages</span> = <span class="hljs-title function_">async</span> ({ graphql, actions }) =&gt; {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> { createPage } = actions;

  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> result = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">graphql</span>(<span class="hljs-string">`
    query {
      allMarkdownRemark {
        edges {
          node {
            frontmatter {
              slug
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  `</span>);

  result.<span class="hljs-property">data</span>.<span class="hljs-property">allMarkdownRemark</span>.<span class="hljs-property">edges</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">forEach</span>(<span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">{ node }</span>) =&gt;</span> {
    <span class="hljs-title function_">createPage</span>({
      <span class="hljs-attr">path</span>: node.<span class="hljs-property">frontmatter</span>.<span class="hljs-property">slug</span>,
      <span class="hljs-attr">component</span>: path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;./src/templates/blog-post.js&#x27;</span>),
    });
  });
};

Eleventy (11ty)

Simple, flexible static site generator:

<span class="hljs-comment">// .eleventy.js</span>
<span class="hljs-variable language_">module</span>.<span class="hljs-property">exports</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">eleventyConfig</span>) {
  eleventyConfig.<span class="hljs-title function_">addCollection</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;posts&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">collectionApi</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> collectionApi.<span class="hljs-title function_">getFilteredByGlob</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;src/posts/*.md&quot;</span>);
  });

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {
    <span class="hljs-attr">dir</span>: {
      <span class="hljs-attr">input</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;src&quot;</span>,
      <span class="hljs-attr">output</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;_site&quot;</span>
    }
  };
};

Content Management

Headless CMS Options

1. Contentful

API-first CMS with powerful features:

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { createClient } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;contentful&#x27;</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> client = <span class="hljs-title function_">createClient</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">space</span>: process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">CONTENTFUL_SPACE_ID</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">accessToken</span>: process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN</span>,
});

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> posts = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> client.<span class="hljs-title function_">getEntries</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">content_type</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;blogPost&#x27;</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">order</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;-sys.createdAt&#x27;</span>,
});

2. Sanity

Real-time, collaborative CMS:

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { createClient } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;@sanity/client&#x27;</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> client = <span class="hljs-title function_">createClient</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">projectId</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;your-project-id&#x27;</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">dataset</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;production&#x27;</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">useCdn</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
});

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> posts = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> client.<span class="hljs-title function_">fetch</span>(<span class="hljs-string">`
  *[_type == &quot;post&quot;] | order(publishedAt desc) {
    title,
    slug,
    author-&gt;
  }
`</span>);

3. Strapi

Open-source, self-hosted CMS:

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> response = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">fetch</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;https://api.example.com/api/posts&#x27;</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> posts = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> response.<span class="hljs-title function_">json</span>();

Git-Based CMS

Tina CMS

Edit content directly in your React site:

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { useTina } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;tinacms/dist/react&#x27;</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Post</span>(<span class="hljs-params">props</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> { data } = <span class="hljs-title function_">useTina</span>({
    <span class="hljs-attr">query</span>: props.<span class="hljs-property">query</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">variables</span>: props.<span class="hljs-property">variables</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">data</span>: props.<span class="hljs-property">data</span>,
  });

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">article</span>&gt;</span>{data.post.body}<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">article</span>&gt;</span></span>;
}

Decap CMS (formerly Netlify CMS)

Git-backed content editor:

<span class="hljs-comment"># config.yml</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">backend:</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">name:</span> <span class="hljs-string">git-gateway</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">branch:</span> <span class="hljs-string">main</span>

<span class="hljs-attr">collections:</span>
  <span class="hljs-bullet">-</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;blog&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">label:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Blog&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">folder:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;content/blog&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">create:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
    <span class="hljs-attr">fields:</span>
      <span class="hljs-bullet">-</span> { <span class="hljs-attr">label:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Title&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">name:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;title&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">widget:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;string&quot;</span> }
      <span class="hljs-bullet">-</span> { <span class="hljs-attr">label:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Body&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">name:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;body&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">widget:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;markdown&quot;</span> }

Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR)

Balance between static and dynamic:

<span class="hljs-comment">// Next.js ISR</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">getStaticProps</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> data = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">fetchData</span>();

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {
    <span class="hljs-attr">props</span>: { data },
    <span class="hljs-attr">revalidate</span>: <span class="hljs-number">60</span>, <span class="hljs-comment">// Regenerate every 60 seconds</span>
  };
}

How it works:

  1. First request: Serve stale static page
  2. Background: Regenerate new version
  3. Subsequent requests: Serve updated page

Dynamic Features in Jamstack

1. Client-Side Data Fetching

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">ProductPage</span>(<span class="hljs-params">{ productId }</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> [price, setPrice] = <span class="hljs-title function_">useState</span>(<span class="hljs-literal">null</span>);

  <span class="hljs-title function_">useEffect</span>(<span class="hljs-function">() =&gt;</span> {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Fetch real-time data on client</span>
    <span class="hljs-title function_">fetch</span>(<span class="hljs-string">`/api/products/<span class="hljs-subst">${productId}</span>/price`</span>)
      .<span class="hljs-title function_">then</span>(<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">res</span> =&gt;</span> res.<span class="hljs-title function_">json</span>())
      .<span class="hljs-title function_">then</span>(setPrice);
  }, [productId]);

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span>Price: ${price}<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">div</span>&gt;</span></span>;
}

2. Serverless Functions

<span class="hljs-comment">// api/subscribe.js</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">handler</span>(<span class="hljs-params">req, res</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> { email } = req.<span class="hljs-property">body</span>;

  <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">addToMailingList</span>(email);

  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">status</span>(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>).<span class="hljs-title function_">json</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">success</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span> });
}

3. Edge Functions

<span class="hljs-comment">// middleware.js</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">middleware</span>(<span class="hljs-params">request</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> country = request.<span class="hljs-property">geo</span>.<span class="hljs-property">country</span>;

  <span class="hljs-comment">// Personalize based on location</span>
  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Response</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">redirect</span>(<span class="hljs-string">`/<span class="hljs-subst">${country}</span>/products`</span>);
}

Build and Deploy Workflow

1. Netlify

<span class="hljs-comment"># netlify.toml</span>
<span class="hljs-section">[build]</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">command</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;npm run build&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">publish</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;dist&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-section">[build.environment]</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">NODE_VERSION</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;18&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-section">[[redirects]]</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">from</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;/api/*&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">to</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;/.netlify/functions/:splat&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">status</span> = <span class="hljs-number">200</span>

2. Vercel

<span class="hljs-punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;buildCommand&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;npm run build&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;outputDirectory&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;dist&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;devCommand&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;npm run dev&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">&quot;framework&quot;</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">:</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;vite&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-punctuation">}</span>

3. Cloudflare Pages

<span class="hljs-comment"># wrangler.toml</span>
<span class="hljs-string">name</span> <span class="hljs-string">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;my-site&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-string">type</span> <span class="hljs-string">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;webpack&quot;</span>

[<span class="hljs-string">build</span>]
<span class="hljs-string">command</span> <span class="hljs-string">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;npm run build&quot;</span>

[<span class="hljs-string">build.upload</span>]
<span class="hljs-string">format</span> <span class="hljs-string">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;service-worker&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-string">dir</span> <span class="hljs-string">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;./dist&quot;</span>

Performance Optimization

1. Image Optimization

<span class="hljs-comment">// Next.js Image component</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Image</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;next/image&#x27;</span>;

<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">Image</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/photo.jpg&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">alt</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Photo&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">width</span>=<span class="hljs-string">{800}</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">height</span>=<span class="hljs-string">{600}</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">loading</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;lazy&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-attr">placeholder</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;blur&quot;</span>
/&gt;</span></span>

2. Code Splitting

<span class="hljs-comment">// Dynamic imports</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">HeavyComponent</span> = <span class="hljs-title function_">lazy</span>(<span class="hljs-function">() =&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;./HeavyComponent&#x27;</span>));

<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">Suspense</span> <span class="hljs-attr">fallback</span>=<span class="hljs-string">{</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-attr">Loading</span> /&gt;</span>}&gt;
  <span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">HeavyComponent</span> /&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">Suspense</span>&gt;</span></span>

3. Prefetching

<span class="hljs-comment">// Next.js Link prefetching</span>
&lt;<span class="hljs-title class_">Link</span> href=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/about&quot;</span> prefetch&gt;
  <span class="hljs-title class_">About</span>
&lt;/<span class="hljs-title class_">Link</span>&gt;

SEO Benefits

1. Pre-rendered HTML

Search engines see complete content:

<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- Generated HTML --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">article</span>&gt;</span>
  <span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>&gt;</span>My Blog Post<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>&gt;</span>
  <span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">p</span>&gt;</span>Content here...<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">p</span>&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">article</span>&gt;</span>

2. Meta Tags

<span class="hljs-comment">// Next.js Head component</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Head</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;next/head&#x27;</span>;

<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">Head</span>&gt;</span>
  <span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">title</span>&gt;</span>My Page<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">title</span>&gt;</span>
  <span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">meta</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;description&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-attr">content</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Page description&quot;</span> /&gt;</span>
  <span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">meta</span> <span class="hljs-attr">property</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;og:title&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-attr">content</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;My Page&quot;</span> /&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">Head</span>&gt;</span></span>

3. Structured Data

&lt;script type=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;application/ld+json&quot;</span>&gt;
  {<span class="hljs-title class_">JSON</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;@context&quot;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://schema.org&quot;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;@type&quot;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;BlogPosting&quot;</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;headline&quot;</span>: post.<span class="hljs-property">title</span>,
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;author&quot;</span>: post.<span class="hljs-property">author</span>,
  })}
&lt;/script&gt;

Real-World Use Cases

1. Marketing Sites

Fast, SEO-friendly landing pages:

  • Product pages
  • Documentation sites
  • Company websites

2. Blogs and Publications

Content-heavy sites with excellent performance:

  • News sites
  • Personal blogs
  • Magazines

3. E-commerce

Static product pages with dynamic cart:

  • Product catalogs
  • Category pages
  • Static checkout pages

4. Documentation

Fast, searchable documentation:

  • API references
  • User guides
  • Knowledge bases

Challenges and Solutions

1. Build Times

Problem: Large sites take long to build

Solutions:

  • Incremental builds
  • Distributed/parallel builds
  • On-demand ISR

2. Dynamic Content

Problem: Real-time data requirements

Solutions:

  • Client-side fetching
  • ISR for semi-static content
  • Edge functions for personalization

3. Previews

Problem: Content editors want to preview changes

Solutions:

  • Preview deployments
  • Draft mode
  • Real-time CMS previews

When to Use Jamstack

Great fit:

  • Content-heavy sites
  • Marketing/landing pages
  • Documentation
  • Blogs and publications
  • E-commerce catalogs

Not ideal for:

  • Real-time collaboration apps
  • Highly personalized UIs
  • Frequently changing data
  • Complex server-side logic

Conclusion

Jamstack isn't just a trend—it's a fundamental rethinking of web architecture. By embracing pre-rendering, CDN distribution, and API-driven development, we can build sites that are faster, more secure, and easier to scale.

The ecosystem has matured with powerful frameworks, flexible CMSs, and excellent deployment platforms. Whether you're building a blog, documentation site, or e-commerce platform, Jamstack offers a compelling path forward.

Ready to go Jamstack?

👨‍💻

Jordan Patel

Webentwickler & Technologie-Enthusiast

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